The Franciscan Order; A Victim of its own Success Essay -- essays rese

The Franciscan movement was a religious order that arose out of one man’s ideologies and beliefs. St. Francis of Assisi’s ideals of absolute poverty, obedience, humility, and simplicity were uncomplicated and basic, but during his life and even shortly after his death these ideologies were gradually shifting and causing a great amount of debate. The immense size of the Franciscan Order combined with the mass amount of popularity that the Order gained made changes in the ideology and objectives of Francis’ messages and teaching almost an inevitable necessity. Some could argue that in many ways the Franciscan Order’s original ideologies were a victim of the movement’s success. This is evident in the main rules of the Order, what the rules were initially like during the life of Francis, and what they became after his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Saint Francis of Assisi was born in 1182 into a wealth family. His father was Peter Bernardone, a wealthy cloth merchant. Throughout Francis’ childhood he experienced many of the physical pleasures in life; however, gradually he began to have visions from the divine. The first vision appeared when he was fighting with knights against Assisi’s enemies, the second during a night of merriment and celebration, and a third when he was praying at the ruined Church of San Damiano. During the latter vision, Francis heard a voice coming from the crucifix telling him to rebuild the Church. Francis sold many of his father’s assets and gave the money to San Damiano, but his father was unimpressed. Francis publicly denounced his father, striping naked and throwing his clothes at his father, saying that his only father from that point on was the divine. For a time Francis wandered unsure of what to do, until he had his fourth divine vision on February 28, 1206. He realized that his true mission in life was the imitation of the life of Christ. Francis took to begging, and wandering from town to town, caring for those less fortunate than himself, and taking only what was necessary for his survival. After a time, Francis accumulated a small number of followers and soon realized that some rules would have to be formulated to govern his order. On April 6th 1209 the order began when Francis said, â€Å"He that will come after me, let him deny himself†¦This, my brothers, is our life and rule and that of all those who shall wish to join... ... and also made the Order increasingly difficult to govern. This difficulty in governance often forced the Order to turn to the Pope for guidance, thus creating a dangerous reliance on the Pope and making the order submissive to a potentially oppressive and dogmatic power. Likewise, the popularity of the movement contributed to its size. The more popular the Order was the more people joined it. The popularity also contributed to the relaxing of the standards of poverty, humility and simplicity. Money and gifts were given to the Order, jobs with a degree of power and prestige were offered to members of the Order by the Pope, and many other circumstances. The Order itself had become a worldly institution rather than a wandering group of poor friars as Francis had intended. With such undermining of the original ideals and objectives of St. Francis, a split in the Order seems almost inevitable. Final Word Count: 2971  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sources/ Works Cited Burr, D. Olivi and Franciscan Poverty: The Usus Pauper Controversy. Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. Moorman, J. A History of the Franciscan Order. UK; Oxford University Press, 1968.

Models of Health

M1- Assess the biomedical and socio- medical models of health. Models of Health The Biomedical of health reduces the number of premature mortality and morbidity numbers. The model is used to show people what parts of the body can work together to ensure we have good health. It searches for a fault and corrects it for the individual. The models looks at the body as a machine, if something is faulty then they fix it so it can work again. This is mainly used in the western area of the world.The model is popular because the treatment is cheap, it has the use of scientific methods, the knowledge from the experts is used to reach a conclusion on what the fault is of the individual and the health of the public has got better. The main focus is to find the treatment for the disease instead of finding a way to prevent the disease. The biomedical model’s view of health supports the National Health Service (NHS) via their policies and practices.Not a lot of concern is given to the enviro nmental factors and social factors that may have caused the illness. The biomedical model of health links really well with the functionalist perspective because they say illness doesn’t work well for society. The strengths of the biomedical model of health is The Socio- medical model of health focuses on the social factors that subsidize to health and wellbeing of the society like poor housing, poverty, pollution and all those things that change a person’s health.This model searches for where the problem is arising from via environment or the way the individual lives i. e poverty. The research has stated that the life expectancy has risen and death rates have fallen due to the change and improvement of sanitation, housing and free NHS treatment except Dental treatment and glasses. This model says the individual may not be the cause for the illness but their location. The socio- medical model goes well with the conflict theorists than the functionalists.

Elements of Relationship in D.H. Lawrences Works Essay...

After spending a semester experiencing and analyzing the work of D.H. Lawrence, it has become obvious that he had several messages to convey to his audience. Through his characters, Lawrence commented on the condition of England, on social issues, and also on relationships. In his novels Sons and Lovers, Women in Love, and Lady Chatterleys Lover, Lawrence reveals three important aspects of relationships, and shows his audience the devastating results when one or more of those aspects are missing. When it comes to intellectual, spiritual and sexual connections, Lawrence makes it clear that all of these elements must be present in order for a relationship to be successful; its either all or none. Lawrences first example of†¦show more content†¦which is why they ?cannot love in the common sense.? (221) The elements of intellect and spirituality are most definitely crucial to having a successful relationship. Since the bond between Paul and Miriam is created on the basis of those two components, it would make sense for them to live happily ever after. However, regardless of how deep their intellectual and spiritual connections are, the relationship between Paul and Miriam lacks the third dimension, a true physical bond, and therefore is incomplete. As Paul grows into a young man, his physical needs start to take priority over the need for intellectual stimulation. Since Paul?s need for a spiritual connection is met in his mother, and he doesn?t find Miriam sexually attractive, he breaks off his relationship with her for a more sensual Mrs. Clara Dawes. It is easy to understand Paul?s attraction to Clara, for unlike Miriam, ?he noticed how her breasts s welled inside her blouse, and how her shoulder curved handsomely under the thin muslin at the top of her arm.? (202) Although Paul finds satisfaction in his sexual explorations of Clara, it is no doubt ephemeral. The lack of intellectuality and spirituality between the two lovers results in ?some mechanical effort spoil[ing] their loving,? and when they did have ?splendid moments, they had them separately and not soShow MoreRelated The Presence and Justification of Autoeroticism in The Rocking-Horse Winner1510 Words   |  7 Pages D.H. Lawrence’s writings often mirror elements of his own life, though they contain decidedly fictitious components. The characters in Lawrence’s The Rocking- Horse Winner closely resemble his own family. Like Paul, Lawrence was seeking a way out of the misfortune of pre-war London living. Unlike Lawrence, Paul is already well-to-do. Paul’s search consists of a yearning for affection and acceptance. In The Rocking-Horse Winner a young boy finds a certain calling within himself that serves toRead More Necessary Physical Contant in D.H. Lawrences Women in Love and Platos Symposium2555 Words   |  11 PagesNecessary Physical Contant in D.H. 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Lawrence and H.W. Longfellow’s poetry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.1. The use of polysemanticism of the word in combination with repetition in poems by D.H. Lawrence and H.W. Longfellow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7-12 1.2. Lingvo-stylistic potential of D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Don’ts†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12-14 1Read MoreHorace Gregory s Short ( But Perfectly Formed D. H. Lawrence : Pilgrim Of The Apocalypse10205 Words   |  41 Pages(1933) explains how Lawrence’s two essays on psychoanalysis were motivated by his desire to understand. What he needed to understand was why he was as he was; how the development of masculinity and gender identity were influenced and how obstacles such as an over-possessive mother might impair these developments. 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