Coronary risk factors Essays

Coronary hazard factors Essays Coronary hazard factors Paper Coronary hazard factors Paper Coronary illness influences in excess of 7 million Americans. It remains the main source of death in the United States †mortality is in excess of 500,000 demise cases for each year. Huge numbers of these passings can be forestalled by way of life changes. American Hearth Association built up some proof based elements that expansion the danger of coronary illness and cardiovascular failure. All hazard factors coulld be commonly partitioned into two gatherings: controllable and wild. Wild hazard factors incorporate sex, age and heredity. Family ancestry of untimely CHD (coronary hart ailment) is particularly imortant for men more youthful than 55 and ladies more youthful than 65. Guys by and large are at more serious hazard at first, yet in postmenopausal period ladies have equivalent hazard. Furthermore, obviously, chance increments with age. We can control circulatory strain, blood cholesterol, hurtful propensities (like smoking, stationary way of life), keep away from pressure. For instance, individuals with HDL (high denisty lipids) cholesterol under 40 mg/dl and high all out degree of cholesterol (in excess of 240 mg/dl) are at high danger of cornary sicknesses. Specialists concur the decrease in death rates from coronary illness in the United States is expected to some extent to the publics receiving a more advantageous way of life. Numerous passings related with coronary illness are preventable. Numerous parts of ways of life are the way to anticipation of coronary illness (CHD). By changing way of life factors, people themselves hold the way to bringing down their hazard for creating and keeping ailment and passing from CHD. We should be aware of coronary hazard factors and find a way to decrease and dispense with them. In practically all hazard components, practice and physical action can have a positive physiolog ical and mental effect on decrease or expel the supporter of coronary illness. Standard, moderate to enthusiastic power practice assumes a critical job in forestalling coronary illness. Studies have demonstrated that moderate exercise, when done normally, is useful in diminishing danger for coronary illness. As indicated by the US Surgeon Generals report, Physical Activity and Health, ordinary physical action additionally improves life quality and its span, forestall diseases, type 2 diabetes, joint pain and osteoporosis, assuages manifestations of sorrow and tension and improves mind-set, controls weight. Yet, we ought to recall that activity limit is decreased in numerous patients with cardiovascular illness. In post-intense myocardial dead tissue, ischemic coronary illness and cardiovascular breakdown patients, practice limit has a solid autonomous prognostic effect. Indeed, even in subjects without history of coronary illness, the lower the cardiorespiratory wellness the higher is the hazard for cardiovascular occasions and mortality. With fitting physical movement, practice limit is improved in many people. Improvement of practical limit is related with progress of endurance. To create fitting activity program we ought to decide present exercise levels (useful limit), existing danger factors and get information of clinical assessments. Customer ought to be all around roused to diminish hazard and to improve his/her cardiovascular wellness. To characterize practices limit we as a rule utilize oxygen consuming fintness test (1-mile walkin on a treadmill), solid wellness (push-ups or comparative exercies), adaptability, BMI (weight file) defeninion. We ought to examine the outcomes with customer, compute an objective heart scope of heartbeat for him/her, to show him/her how to take beat, give accurate directions and exhibitions. A complete exercise program consolidates extending, vigorous molding, and weight preparing. Idle grown-ups can improve their wellbeing by getting modestly dynamic. Exercise power, recurrence, and length are terms utilized in depicting an activity plan. Certain degree of power is controlled by the aftereffects of stress-test. The degree of power ought to be â€Å"somewhat hard† to customer. In any event 30 †an hour ought to be dedicated to oxygen consuming movement and keeping up pulse inside. To improve cardio respiratory limit and control weight we for the most part prescribe to practice at any rate 3 †5 days every week and to be modestly dynamic most days of the week. Strolling is the most secure and best approaches to improve cardiovascular wellness †it’s a perfect low effect oxygen consuming activity. In people who have been inactive as of late, in those with known cardiovascular ailment or at high hazard, and in people matured over 40 years, the underlying span and force of the continuance stage ought to be reasonably diminished. Ten minutes of delicate action, for example, strolling might be a fitting initial step, expanding at time frames week or longer as indicated by resilience, as wellness increments. Augmentations are first accomplished by expanding span. Later power is expanded, for instance by strolling energetically, or by exchange strolling and running. Dose is influenced by span, force and recurrence of activity. The favored recurrence is 4-5 times week by week with a continuance period of 20 30 minutes when an increasingly delicate program is picked, or (in youthful fit people) multiple times week after week with a perseverance period of 40 as long as an hour in the event that it is progressively lively. While the last alternative is reasonable for more youthful people and for fit moderately aged and more seasoned people, a lesser span and moderate force are suitable to most moderately aged and more established individuals, for example strolling, quick strolling, or substitute strolling and running, or delicate swimming for 30 minutes at any rate 4-5 times week after week. Numerous specialists view it as worthy to separate moderate exercise, for example, strolling into shorter oxygen consuming times of 10-15 minutes, 2-3 times each day, if the individual discovers this progressively satisfactory. Power can be judged abstractly, or unbiasedly by training the subject to screen beat rate during exercise. A preparation impact is gotten at paces of 60% of greatest rate for age, and this is the underlying objective rate. Managed practice is suggested for customers at higher hazard. Such people at higher hazard, including those matured 35 years and over who have been inactive, ought to experience formal exercise ECG testing before determination of a program of activity. References: 1: Gohlke H. [Lifestyle alteration is it worth it?] Herz. 2004 Feb;29(1):139-44. 2: Vallebona A, Gigli G.â [Significance of activity limit in cardiology] Ital Heart J Suppl. 2003 Sep;4(9):712-9. 3:â Batty GD. Physical action and coronary illness in more established grown-ups. A precise survey of epidemiological investigations. Eur J Public Health. 2002 Sep;12(3):171-6. 4: LaMonte MJ, Eisenman PA, Adams TD, Shultz BB, Ainsworth BE, Yanowitz FG. Cardiorespiratory wellness and coronary illness chance factors: the LDS Hospital Fitness Institute companion. Course. 2000 Oct 3;102(14):1623-8. 5:â Haapanen N, Miilunpalo S, Vuori I, Oja P, Pasanen M.â Association of recreation time physical action with the danger of coronary illness, hypertension and diabetes in moderately aged people. Int J Epidemiol. 1997 Aug;26(4):739-47. 6: Folsom AR, Arnett DK, Hutchinson RG, Liao F, Clegg LX, Cooper LS. Physical movement and occurrence of coronary illness in moderately aged ladies and men. Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Jul;29(7):901-9. 7 Moller LF, Kristensen TS, Hollnagel H.â Physical movement, physical wellness, and cardiovascular hazard factors. a Med Bull. 1991 Apr;38(2):182-7.

Oriental Food as the Cultural Other Essay

The History, Practice, Implications of Megans Law

The History, Practice, Implications of Megans Law Megans Law is a government law went in 1996 that approves nearby law authorization organizations to inform general society about sentenced sex guilty parties living, working or visiting their networks. Megans Law was roused by the instance of seven-year-old Megan Kanka, a New Jersey young lady who was assaulted and executed by a known youngster molester who moved over the road from the family. The Kanka family battled to have nearby networks cautioned about sex wrongdoers in the zone. The New Jerseyâ legislature passed Megans Law in 1994. In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed Megans Law as an alteration to the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Childrens Act. It required each state have a sex wrongdoer vault and a warning framework for the open when aâ sex offenderâ is discharged into their locale. It additionally necessitated that recurrent sex guilty parties get a sentence of life in jail. Various states have various strategies for making the necessary exposures. For the most part, the data that is incorporated inside the warning is theâ offenders name, picture, address, imprisonment date, and offense of conviction. The data is regularly shown on free publicâ websites, yet can be appropriated throughâ newspapers, circulated inâ pamphlets, or through different methods. The government law was not the first on the books that tended to the issue of enlisting sentenced sex guilty parties. As right on time as 1947, California had laws that necessary sex guilty parties to be enrolled. Since the section of the government law in May of 1996, all states have passed some type of Megans Law. History - Before Megan's Law Under the watchful eye of Megans Law being passed, the Jacob Wetterling Act of 1994 necessitated that each state mustâ maintain andâ develop a library of sexual wrongdoers and different offenses identified with wrongdoings against youngsters. Notwithstanding, the vault data was just made accessible to law requirement and was not open to open review except if data about an individual turned into a matter of open wellbeing. The genuine adequacy of the law as an instrument to secure the general population was tested by Richard and Maureen Kanka of Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey after their 7-year-old girl, Megan Kanka, was stole, assaulted and murdered. He was condemned to death, however on December 17, 2007, capital punishment was nullified by the New Jersey Legislature and Timmendequas sentence wasâ commutedâ toâ life in prisonâ without the chance ofâ parole. Recurrent sex perpetrator, Jessee Timmendequas had been sentenced twice for sex wrongdoings against youngsters when he moved into a home over the road from Megan. On July 27, 1994, he attracted Megan into his home where he assaulted and killed her, at that point left her body in a close by park. The following day he admitted to the wrongdoing and drove police to Megans body. The Kankas said that had they realized that their neighbor, Jessee Timmendequas was an indicted sex guilty party, Megan would be alive today. The Kankas battled to change the law, needing to make it obligatory that states advise the inhabitants of a network when sex wrongdoers are living in the network or move to the network. Paul Kramer, a Republican Party lawmaker who served four terms in the New Jersey General Assembly, supported the bundle of seven bills known as Megans Law in New Jersey General Assembly in 1994. The bill was instituted in New Jersey 89 days after Megan was seized, assaulted and killed. Analysis of Megan's Law Rivals of Megans Law feel that it welcomes vigilante viciousness and reference cases like William Elliot who was shot and murdered in his home by vigilante Stephen Marshall. Marshall found Elliots individual data on the Maine Sex Offender Registry site. William Elliot was required to enroll as a sex guilty party at 20 years old subsequent to being indicted for engaging in sexual relations with his better half who was only days from turning 16 years of age. Reformist associations have censured the law in light of the negative insurance consequences for the relatives of enlisted sex guilty party. It additionally thinks that its uncalled for in light of the fact that it implies that sex guilty parties are exposed to uncertain disciplines.

Written and Unwritten Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Composed and Unwritten Constitution - Essay Example This qualification somewhere in the range of composed and unwritten constitutions has prompted the foundation of an undeniably progressively significant grouping of composed and unwritten constitutions. The possibility of permanency is firmly connected with the idea of constitution to such an extent that solidness is viewed as one of its principle qualities. Composed constitutions are viewed as progressively lasting and, consequently, increasingly composed, in light of the fact that, as a rule, they can't be altered aside from by an extraordinary procedure or by methods for uncommon apparatus. Unwritten constitutions, then again, are esteemed to be unwritten on the grounds that they can be corrected or adjusted by the normal procedure of enactment. It should, in any case, be noticed that the differentiation somewhere in the range of composed and unwritten constitutions doesn't really rely upon the qualification somewhere in the range of composed and unwritten constitutions. A compose d constitution might be as unwritten as an unwritten constitution. A run of the mill example is outfitted by the Italian Constitution of 1848 which, as per the by and large acknowledged view, could be altered by the common procedure of enactment. (Smith, 2001, 80) The differentiation somewhere in the range of composed and unwritten constitutions was called attention to just because by Bryce, and has now become an essential idea of established law and practice.

Mid Term Review Essay Example for Free

Mid Term Review Essay 1. For each pair of terms, clarify the distinctions in their implications. A. Dispersion, assimilation Diffusion is where atoms move from an area of high focus to a locale of low fixation. Assimilation is essentially the equivalent, however with water. B. cell division, mitosis Cell division is a piece of mitosis, when a cell parts into two. Mitosis has a greater number of steps than just cell division. C. encouraged dispersion, dynamic vehicle Active vehicle is the place a cell utilizes vitality to move particles. Encouraged dispersion is equivalent to dissemination, exactly when they go through indispensable proteins. D. endocytosis, exocytosis Endocytosis is when helpful supplements are placed into a cell. Exocytosis is when valuable materials are expelled from the cell. Numerous Choice: 2. Voltage delicate channels assist cells with imparting by A. electrical signs B compound upgrades C. official to particles D. insulin particles 3. Cells sense compound signals by utilizing: A. hormones B. receptor proteins C. flagging envoys D. surface markers 4. The procedure by which water moves into and out of the cell is: A. encouraged dissemination B. assimilation C. dynamic vehicle D. dissemination 5. A cell utilizes a portion of its vitality to move particles by A. osmotic weight B. dynamic vehicle C. dispersion D. assimilation 6. The sodium-potassium siphon A. requires no vitality B. moves potassium out of the cell. C. empowers sugars to enter cells. D. works autonomously of channels. 7. Which is a case of dynamic vehicle? A. sodium-potassium siphon B. electron siphon C. endocytosis D. encouraged dispersion 8. Particles too enormous to even consider passing through protein directs in the cell film may enter the cell by: A. exocytosis B. specific vehicle C. endocytosis D. osmotic weight 9. During mitosis: A. chromosomes are duplicated B. chromosomes move to inverse sides of the cell C. cytoplasm partitions into equal parts D. another cell divider shapes in the focal point of the cell. 10. On the off chance that a cell has 8 chromosomes before cell division, what number of chromosomes will every one of the two new cells have toward the finish of cell division? A. 16 B. 8 C. 4 D. 32 11. During cell division in microbes A. a hover of DNA is replicated B. chromosomes curl and move C. the cell parts into 3 sections D. two new cores are shaped Finish: 12. After mitosis, the cytoplasm of cells is squeezed into equal parts. In cells of plants, cell dividers are shaped. 13. Whenever put in water, a cell would grow and conceivably burst because of osmotic weight being excessively high. 14. A kind of dynamic vehicle framework that utilizations light or compound vitality to move particles that are required for cell digestion is known as the proton siphon Short Answer: 15. What two accommodating employments are performed by the surface markers on cells? Cell markers mention to your cells what kind of cells they are and where they are to go, in addition to what sort of cells they can get together with. 16. Clarify why creature cells don't blast because of osmotic weight. At the point when the sum fluid in the creature cell rises, the distinction between that pressure and the osmotic weight diminishes. At the point when the weight levels even out, the cell admission stops. 17. Portray the occasions that bring about the development of two complete cores in an eukaryotic cell. This procedure is called mitosis and it has four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. To begin with, the cell separates and bound together at a certain point. Next, the chromosomes separate into two. At that point, the plasma layer of the cell squeezes the center of the cell so the whole cell can isolate into two separate cells.

Tips for Writing a Personal Essay Using a Sample of Someone Writing a Thesis For a Class

Tips for Writing a Personal Essay Using a Sample of Someone Writing a Thesis For a ClassOne of the mistakes that many students make when writing a personal essay is that they believe that samples of someone writing a thesis for a class will be easy to find. However, it is actually quite difficult to find someone who has written a thesis in person. This is because papers are very long and require so much attention to detail that most people do not have the time or inclination to write them.In fact, it would take several hours to write a thesis in a class. A student who spends hours every day writing a thesis for their class, however, would not be able to do that for their personal essay. Therefore, the sample of someone writing a thesis for a personal essay must come from a written source.One way to get the samples of someone writing a thesis for a personal essay is to read them. Try reading them at night and see if you can pick up any similarities between what you are reading and wha t you are writing. The truth is that you are going to need to use your own imagination and sense of style to come up with a personal essay that is unique.Another common mistake is to just turn in the material to a professor and wait for a grade. No one expects the professor to give a grade higher than a C- on a paper, but professors sometimes give the C's to students who do not do enough work to properly complete the project. Therefore, instead of simply sending the assignment back and asking for a grade, students should make sure that they have done all of the work necessary to receive an A. Students should also be sure that they understand how to write a thesis before they send it in.Once you have gotten some samples of someone writing a thesis for a personal essay, then it is time to work on the style. Your topic will decide the kind of style that you should use in the essay. It will depend on the subject matter and the way you want to present it.Another common error that student s make is to assume that writing a thesis for a personal essay means that they can use the same style as they have used in the past. This is actually not true. If you are asked to write a thesis for a class, you will be given specific instructions about how to structure the essay. Some students are so used to writing an essay with specific steps that they forget that the actual writing process is the first step in the process.Finally, do not make the mistake of making the sample of someone writing a thesis for a personal essay to be the only thing that you use to get the grades you want. Even if you cannot get the grade you want because of all of the mistakes you made during the process, at least you are able to learn something from it. You might be able to improve upon those mistakes by reading more examples of someone writing a thesis for a personal essay. You might even be able to figure out some things that the professor did that he/she did not mean to do but did anyway.A sample of someone writing a thesis for a personal essay can be one of the most helpful tools you can use. It gives you an idea of how a particular essay should look, but it is not your ultimate goal to write a thesis for a class.

Need a Thesis Statement for an Essay on Harlem Renaissance

Need a Thesis Statement for an Essay on Harlem Renaissance Question   How can I write a thesis statement on the following: I’m supposed to show how the writings of the Harlem Renaissance reflect and support Alain Locke’s thesis that the New Negro, decidedly different from their predecessors, exists? Response The key to writing a thesis statement on any topic is trying to distill the essence of your argument into a concise one-to-two sentence statement, which tells the audience the main point of your paper.   Because the thesis statement is your paper’s central argument, you should be able to refer back to the thesis statement while writing the bulk of your paper.   If your paper fails to support your thesis statement, then you know that you either need to revise your thesis statement or work on your paper. Discussion In this scenario, you have been provided with a writing prompt.   You already know what the argument of your paper should be: the writings of the Harlem Renaissance reflect and support Alain Locke’s thesis that the New Negro, decidedly different from their predecessors, exists.   Therefore, you know that your thesis statement should contain references to Locke’s thesis, the Harlem Renaissance, and the New Negro. Before you can even begin to tackle this essay, it is absolutely critical that you have an understanding of what Locke meant by the New Negro.   Locke wrote extensively on the subject, but the idea, in a nutshell was that the New Negro was no longer willing to submit to racial segregation and would, instead, be a vocal advocate for civil rights.   It is also important to understand when the Harlem Renaissance occurred and who the prominent writers were during that period. Conclusion Once you understand the concepts of the New Negro, the Harlem Renaissance, and the authors that influenced it, you can write your thesis statement.   You want to reflect the ideas in your professor’s prompt, without repeating them verbatim.   One suggested thesis statement would be: When one views the works of Harlem Renaissance writers like Claude McKay and Hubert Harrison, there is a clear departure from the prior conciliatory approach of black activists, and a suggestion that African Americans would no longer be content to submit to degrading racial segregation, which supports Alain Locke’s thesis that the New Negro was not just a logical outgrowth of prior African American activists, but a whole different approach to social activism.

Exploring the Various Methods of Birth Control Essays

Birth control has become a controversial issue today in our society. The types of birth control that can be used vary, while the side effects may not be explained to women who use them. The types that can be used include emergency contraceptives, pills, rings, patches, and shots. Emergency contraceptives (ECPs), or plan B, are â€Å"hormones in the pill that act as an anabortifacient by thinning the lining of the uterus and preventing the newly-conceived child from implanting† (Warber 15). ECPs delay ovulation, therefore preventing any chance of pregnancy. In one study, two out of 100 women had an unplanned pregnancy although they took the pill at the correct time. ECPs are not effective if taken before intercourse (Hirsh â€Å"Emergency†¦show more content†¦Three out of fifty couples will have an accidental pregnancy while on the pill for a year; however, the effectiveness is determined by a woman’s health conditions and whether the pill is taken correct ly (2). Although the pill may prove to be one of the most used and effective types of birth control, it has more serious side effects. Women can develop breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver tumors, infertility, sterility, ovarian cysts, and sometimes abortions (Warber 4). Women between eighteen and thirty years old on the pill, who also exercise, may have a higher chance of losing bone density in the hip and spine. Studies have shown that women who switch to another pill or quit taking it, â€Å"report adverse sexual, emotional, and physical side effects as opposed to the women who continued with the same pill† (4). Minor side effects of the pill are nausea, breast tenderness, bleeding, higher blood pressure, and blood clots. Risks are usually higher in women over thirty-five (â€Å"Drug† 1). The pill works best when taken every day at the same time, yet if a day is skipped, a woman is not protected from pregnancy (Hirsh â€Å"Pill† 2). All pills must be prescribed by a doctor and usually the prescription lasts three months to see how it works. The pill ranges from twenty to fifty dollars per prescription, depending on the brand, and most insurances cover it(4). The pill has been accusedShow MoreRelatedA Good Ob Provider1478 Words   |  6 Pagesreflects strong opinions about practices associated with child birth and postpartum care that are held by many OB and NICU nurses and midwives. Not everyone believes an elective C-section is an unreasonable choice but the attitude toward the patients who make the choice can be somewhat negative. To me, it is about math: to put it briefly, a major abdominal surgery poses a higher risk, especially with multiple pregnancies, than a vaginal birth. 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Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible System of Production

------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Other Free Encyclopedias  » Science Encyclopedia  » Science amp; Philosophy: Condensation to Cosh  » Consumerism - Consumerism And Mass Production, Consumerism And Post-fordism, Soap, The Politics Of Consumerism Consumerism - Consumerism And Post-fordism soap particular class world fordist consumption market mass Ads by Google Mr Power Giant Controller Saves 50% of your GEYSER costs! Pays for itself within months. www.mrpower.co.za Online Commodity Trading Technical Reports for Gold, Oil and More. Join Easy-Forex ® Now! www.Easy-Forex.com Estimation amp; Planning Agile Estimation and Planning 2-day in-depth course www.agileacademy.co.za†¦show more content†¦An important corollary of these developments is that as style becomes central in product differentiation, it is necessary for styles to change rapidly. 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JapanRead MoreFordism (Sociology)1782 Words   |  8 PagesFordism is a system that arose during the last decades of the 19th Century through to the second decade of the 20th Century. Fordism was first recognized by the Italian Communist Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937). He was the writer of Americanism and Fordism. It was about Fordism representing a new form of capitalism which created a new economic structure which affected social life of the laborer on a large scale. Ford came up with a method of manufacturing inexpensive automobiles using the assemblyRead MoreHow Has the World of Work Changed in Post-Fordism Era3142 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Capitalism is a political, social and economic system subject to periodic instability, change and the like which influences the business world in many ways. The Post-Fordism era in broaden sense is generic description of Capitalism period which mainly is characterised by flexible production of non-standardized, better-quality goods embracing adaptability of production processes in harmony with the unpredictable nature of markets to meet customers’ satisfaction. The changes made in notionRead MoreCritical Evaluation of Taylorism and Fordism Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor. It is a production efficiency methodology that breaks works into small and simple segments which can be easily analysed and taught. Taylorism was first mentioned in 1920s and 20 years later. Henry Ford, who was the founder of the Ford Motor Company, used the scientific management in the form of assembly line production as a method on the T-model car production of his company. This kind of production me thod then was developed into a new efficient methodology which is called Fordism. In this essayRead MoreFordism: Spawning New Management Styles Essay2772 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction. In this essay the focus is on Henry Ford and Fordism. The first paragraph of the essay is an introduction of Fredrick W Taylor, and how Fordism is derived from the ideas of Taylorism. It also looks at the main ideas behind Fordism and scientific management. Further in the essay the importance is to look at the different ideas of Fordism (the mass-production, the $5 day, the division of labour and management style), and on why it was important at is time and the effect following fromRead MoreThe Shift from Fordism to Post-Fordism and Possible Future Routes for Capitalist Organization1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe Shift from Fordism to Post-Fordism and Possible Future Routes for Capitalist Organization Capitalism continues to be a revolutionary form of social organization. Modes of production, the ordering of daily activities, and the material practices and processes of social reproduction have undergone numerous changes since capitalism’s inception. Mapping a history of capitalism’s different stages and forms – both social and institutional – would be an arduous task, complicated by the factRead MoreHas Pos-Fordism Replaced Fordism in Capitalist Society1947 Words   |  8 Pagesof massive production. It is also the debut for Taylorism in the massive production area. After that such method of massive standard production was named as Foedism. Based on the ‘scientific management’ theory that comes from Taylorism, the manufacturing area began to be dominated by Fordism. However, since the 1960s when a series of new technologies appeared, manufacturing did not have to be formed in a fixed method. A more flexible production method, which was named as Post-Fordism turned up. From

Poverty And Its Effects On Children - 1377 Words

Poverty Poverty is a chronic issue not just within the United States but throughout the whole world, but one thing that people tend to overlook is the effect that poverty has on childhood. Many children grow up in poverty and the effects can last for a life time. For many of these kids who grow up in these conditions the effects include poor health, a high risk for teen pregnancy, and the lack of an education. Poor health is a direct of effect of poverty, children with families with no money or that live in a country that cannot provide the right kind of services do not have access to adequate medical treatment, â€Å"Psychological research has demonstrated that living in poverty has a wide range of negative effects on the physical and mental health and wellbeing of our nation’s children. Poverty impacts children within their various contexts at home, in school, and in their neighborhoods and communities†. If a child does not have the money it is impossible to get the necessary care that it needs, I witnessed this first hand: back when I lived in Africa I wasn’t much older than 3 or 4, I used to have a younger brother who got sick and it wasn’t even something very serious it was just a minor cold that could have been easily treated but thanks to lack of hospitals and the lack of money in our household the minor cold become very serious and I watched as my younge r brother slowly died in my mother’s arms. Furthermore, the APA (the American psychological association) found thatShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Perez Mrs. Prince ENG 1113 16 November 2016 Poverty in America As of 2013 approximately 45 million people in America lived below the poverty line. In an average three-person household, an annual income of $20,090 is federally considered to be at poverty level. In the year of 2014, 44 percent of children under the age of 18 were living at or below the poverty level. Coming from a low economic standing can be detrimental for children’s physical and mental states. Pursuing a higher educationRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1554 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Poverty on Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children859 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is existing worldwide epidemic and it is affecting millions of adults and children mentally, physically and emotionally .Poverty is the inability to purchase or have access to the basic human needs. This includes food, shelter, education, clean water and proper sanitation .It depends not only on income but also on access to services. In 1998 a UN Statement on poverty, signed by the heads of all UN agencies stated: defines poverty as â€Å"the denial of choices and opportunities, violation of humanRead MorePo verty And Its Effects On Children985 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty doesn’t have preferences, it doesn’t choose people by race, religion, or age. Many people don’t see the effects poverty has on people or sometimes they don’t care but you should. What if you were put in the situation where you lost everything and weren’t able to recover. Now imagine this is your child. Many people put a generic face upon poverty. Usually they see the poor African American person, or the old man who looks dirty, or even the woman who is selling her body just to buy a biteRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children2452 Words   |  10 Pagespeople living in poverty out of the 316.5 million inhabitants of the United States of America. That means about 14.5% of people live below the poverty line, which is an extremely large amount for such a lucrative world dominating country. Poverty is a very serious issue in the United States and has devastating effects, yet it con tinues to effect massive amounts of people. It is essential that Americans make the necessary changes to combat poverty because those living in poverty often experience aRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children1771 Words   |  8 Pages What is poverty? For people who do not know what poverty is, the Merriam- Webster dictionary defines it as â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions† (Poverty). To make it even easier it is basically the state of being extremely poor. Poverty is a huge global issue and it can affect anyone. Whether the person is young or old, male or female. Poverty does not discriminate against people, which is why people should not sit back and ignoreRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children945 Words   |  4 PagesPOVERTY MALNOURISHMENT Childhood and adolescence are expected to be the times of great functioning and physical health, yet poverty provokes this from occurring and children face poor health. Children living in poverty are at immense risk for their development, health and overall well-being. According to Komro, 2011, the absolute rate of poverty among children is higher in the United States than in other industrialized nations. Nationally, One in five children are living in poverty (Raphel,Read MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children942 Words   |  4 Pagesand physical health, yet poverty provokes this from occurring and children face poor health. Children living in poverty are at immense risk for their development, health and overall well-being. According to Komro, 2011, the absolute rate of poverty among children is higher in the United States than in other industrialized nations. Nationally, One in five children are living in poverty (Raphel, 2014). Malnourishment is one of the numerous outcomes fr om poverty; children are suffering each day inRead MoreThe Effects of Poverty on Children Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages When analyzing children growing up in poverty a lot of factors come into play such as their physical, psychological and emotional development. To grow up in poverty can have long term effect on a child. What should be emphasized in analyzing the effects of poverty on children is how it has caused many children around the world to suffer from physical disorders, malnutrition, and even diminishes their capacities to function in society. Poverty has played a major role in the functioning of families

Comparative Competition

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Competition. Answer: 1. Under Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union(TFEU) a different approach has been provided within the Sherman Act in its proscriptions against anticompetitive behavior. Part 1 of Article 101 is considered to be quite similar to the Sherman Act in the sole context that it aims at prohibiting agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition. The subsections (a-e) which have been included under this article have expressly mentioned examples of five different behaviourial traits which explicitly fall within Art. 101(1)[1] These include - market allocation, output controls, price fixing, applying dissimilar conditions to similar transactions and tying. Competition encourages the business establishments to provide their products and services at the price point which i s most favorable for the customers. This helps in reducing the final market price of the products and services and thus promotes efficiency and productivity within an organisation. In order to operate effectively under a competitive business environment, it is imperative for an organisation to act independently of one another by absorbing the competitive pressures which is being exerted by the other market rivals Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union comprises a very important feature of the European Antitrust policy. It helps in preventing an illegal business arrangement between two market competitors which restricts competition in the market. The provisions made under Article 101 of TFEU include both the horizontal agreements (which have taken place between actual business competitors who are operating their business at the same level of the supply chain) and vertical agreements (where the business establishments operate at different levels such as the business deal between a manufacturer and the raw material suppliers).[2] This plays a very essential role in preventing price fixing or market sharing between two independent business establishments which is one of the most widely evident examples of illegal business conduct which infringes Article 101 Amid the crisis in Ukraine, the relations between the US and Europe seems to be strengthening whereas the relations between Russia and US seems to be at the lowest point since the cold war. Russia being one of the largest producers and exporters of oil in the world has completely stopped exporting oil to the US. This has had a very dramatic effective in the prices of crude oil which is witnessing a steady increase. This increase in the crude oil prices has had a negative impact on the business operations of the global aviation companies which has been forced to buy the crude at increased prices and thus they are struggling with increasing cost of business operations[3] Under this circumstance, a meeting of the International Airline Association (IAA) took place which consisted of all the major airline companies of the world such as British Airways, Emirates, United Airlines, Qantas, Air France, Lufthansa, etc. In the meeting, the representatives of the airline companies were discussin g the issue of the recent increase in the prices of crude oil and its impact on their global operations The representatives tried to address this problem by finding out an effective solution to the problem which would have enabled them to operate their business in a profitable manner by reducing the burden of increased oil prices on the respective aviation companies. The representatives of Qantas and British Airways refrained from participating in the discussion and thus they have violated Article 101 of TFEU. All the representatives from the different aviation companies clearly discussed their future roadmap or the path which will be taken by them in order to absorb the increasing prices of crude oil around the globe [4] Both Qantas and British Airways remained discreet till the end of the meeting and they have not divulged any details regarding the business strategy which they would be undertaking in order to tackle the rising operational cost of their business. The representative from the other airline companies have undertaken a transparent approach to the matter and discussed the strategies which would be implemented by them in order to tackle the rising crude oil prices which showcases their ethical business policies.[5] The behaviour shown by the British Airways and Qantas infringes upon Article 101 of TFEU and thus it is tantamount to an illegal business conduct which can significantly impact the business of the other airline companies which have participated in the meeting. By withholding information regarding their business strategies to tackle the increasing oil prices, both Qantas and British Airways have violated Article 101 TFEU as both these companies could have been involved in a marke t sharing or price fixing agreement (horizontal agreement) which could threaten the business operations of the other airline companies which have participated in the meeting 2. Looking at the scenario presented before me, I can clearly see that Tropicana (which is owned by Pepsico Group) is presently enjoying the lions share of the market at 42% and it is being closely followed by Minute Maid (owned by the Coca-Cola group) which has a market share of 29%. The other players in the market are much smaller in size as compared to both Tropicana and Minute Maid and they are nowhere near to the market shared which is being enjoyed by these two brands. This is the main reason why the fruit juice market is highly segmented as there are no major players apart from Tropicana and Minute Maid.[6] The fruit juice industry is a capital intensive industry which requires huge investment during the initial phase. Apart from the cost of setting up the manufacturing facility for fruit juices, a lot of capital has to be spent on the marketing and promotional campaigns in each and every targeted country and this is the main reason why the commercial fruit juice industry does not have too many market competitors However, with the entry of Nestl in the commercial fruit juice market, the overall picture is slated to undergo a sea change as the dimensions of the industry will not be the same any more. Nestl has the capacity and the financial might to give a tough competition to both Tropicana and Minute Maid as the company is a major global conglomerate in the food products industry and it has the financial might to pose a threat to the business of Tropicana and Minute Maid which till now on has been focused on the premium segment of the market. Nestl intends to bring a cheaper variant of their fruit juice in the market which they intend to market bas an entry level product. This will help the company to target the regular budget segment of the market and this will help Nestl to generate more sales which will eventually help Nestl to generate more profits and revenues from the market [7] Tropicana is presently selling their brand of fruit juice at 3 per liter to the consumers and whereas Nestl intends to sell their fruit juice at 1.3 per liter to their consumers in the market. This will really provide a competitive advantage to Nestl and they will be able to considerably eat up the revenues and profits which are being generated by Tropicana at present. Thus, there is an urgent need for Tropicana to undertake an effective commercial plan which will enable the company to address the growing threat of Nestl.[8] In order to tackle the increasing competition from Nestl Tropicana has decided to commercialize some of their products under a new brand name which will be sold to the customers at entry level prices. The sales team at Tropicana has considered two possible strategies in order to tackle the competition from Nestl. The sales team intends to keep the same pricing that is being offered by Nestl (at 1.3 per liter) or they can even sweeten the deal for their customers by lowering the price further (at 1.1 per liter) than what has been offered by Nestl Being the general counsel for Tropicana, it is my personal opinion that Tropicana should incorporate the predatory pricing approach which will enable it to eat up the market of Nestl. Tropicana should strive to provide their products at a lower price point (at 1.1 per liter) that is being present provided by Nestl. Tropicana can utilise economies of scale which will enable them to increase their daily production levels and at the same time help in bringing down the per item manufacturing cost of their products.[9] Thus, Tropicana will be able to ensure sufficient profits from their business operations even after reducing the market price of their products. This will help Tropicana to attract the regular budget segment customers from the market and they will be able to further increase their consumer base in the market The predatory pricing strategy is as business strategy which is often utilised by the business establishments in order to drive out their competitors from the market. In this strategy, an organisation keep the pricing of their goods and services at such low levels that they hardly make any profit in the market.[10] The other business firms are unable to provide their products and services to their customers at such lower price point and as a result they are forced to shut down their business and leave the market. The predatory pricing strategy will provide a competitive advantage to Tropicana over Nestl and they will be able to retain their overall market share in the commercial fruit juice industry My analysis will still remain the same if the management of Tropicana tells me that they have no intention of maintaining such low entry level prices for their products. If the management is just waiting for the time when Nestl will be forced to shut down their business operations in the market, then also I would recommend that Tropicana utilise the same predatory pricing approach. If Tropicana is successful in their efforts to drive out Nestl from the market then they can increase the prices of their entry level products in the market and the customers will be compelled to buy that product at the offered price as there will be no other available substitute products in the market.[11] Thus, the customer will be unable to switch their preference to another brand. This will help Tropicana to monopolise the entry level budget segment of the commercial fruit juice market and thus Tropicana will be able to maximize their profits and revenues from their business operations in the market 3. The EU Competition Law plays a vital role in promoting healthy competition between the business establishments which are operating within the European Union. It regulates and monitors the unfair trading practices and anti-competitive conduct of the business establishments which helps to ensure that cartels and monopolies are not created by the business establishments that would threaten and compromise the overall interests of the society. The EU competition law has its history which dates back to the prohibitions on therestraint of trade and it is inspired by the Sherman Act of 1890 and Clayton Act of 1914 which are in use in the US. The EU [12] Competition law has been primarily derived from articles 101 to 109 of theTreaty on the Functioning of the European Union (which regulates the activities of the business establishments that are operating within the European Union) apart from other directives and regulations There are essentially four main policy areas which the EU Competition Law seeks to address and they are given below: Preventing market dominance and ensuring that business establishments which are enjoying dominant position in the market do not abuse their power under article 102 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union(TFEU). Preventing the rise of business cartels and other anti-competitive practices under article 101 of TFEU[13] Ensuring a proper control on the proposed mergers and acquisitions which occurs between the business establishments which are generating a significant amount of business turnover within the EU as per Merger Regulation. Controlling the amount of aid (both direct as well as indirect) given by the members nations of EU to the business enterprises under article 107 of TFEU In the scenario presented before us, we can clearly see both Gaz de Belgique (GB) and Gazolux (GL) are operating their business within their respective countries which are Belgium and Luxembourg. Both GB and GL provide natural gas to both consumers as well as private business establishments. After the Gas market in Belgium has be opened up to competition, the market share of GB in Belgium has slightly reduced due to the emergence of France Gas (FG) and Gas of UK (GUK).On the other hand, GL is operating under a monopolized market structure in Luxembourg and thus it enjoys a 100% market share in that country. However, the scenario is going to change in 2020 when the gas market in Luxembourg will be opened up to competition as per the recent EU directive and thus GL is going to lose their legal monopoly in the gar market of Luxembourg Presently, both GB and GL import the gas they sell in their respective markets as there are no gas fields in both Belgium and Luxembourg. In order to sust ain the increasing demands for Gas both GB and GL have started negotiating with Gas Norway (GN) which is a Norwegian gas producer and both the companies have entered into agreement with GN.[14] Transporting gas from Norway essentially requires the construction of a huge gas pipeline which will require huge funding from both the countries. In order to reduce the overall cost of building the pipeline both GB and GL have decided to take advantage of the proximity of their respective markets and collaborate in the construction of the pipeline by sharing the costs The draft contract for the agreement between GL and GB includes the clauses that GB will route the gas which it purchases from GN to Belgium and resale it in the Belgium market; whereas GB will route the gas it purchases from GN to Luxembourg and the gas will be resold in Luxembourg. After analyzing the draft that has been formulated for the proposed agreement, I can say that there are certain aspects which have been overlooked in the final draft and this could have severe consequences for both the nations in the near future. First of all, the agreement has missed the most important criteria that both GL and GB must never try to disrupt the gas flow through the pipeline under any circumstances. The amount of gas that is to be bought from GN has not been mentioned in the final draft agreement which is going to be finalized between the two countries. [15]The gas bought from GN should be shared according the proportion agreed by both GB and GL. Both GB and GL should give a written assurance that they should never interfere with each others business interests in the market Moreover, both GB and GL should never incorporate unfair trade practices in order to influence the gas prices in both the markets. All these vital clauses need to be included in the final draft con tract which is going to be finalized and signed in by both GB and GL and this will help in protecting the business interests of both the companies. This will help in creating a formal agreement which will be legally binding on both the parties and this will help in resolving any kind of future disputes that might arise between GB and GL. Under the EU Competition Law it is mandatory for both GB and GL to ensure an independent auditing of the cost incurred in the construction of the pipeline. Both the companies (GB and GL) must maintain a level of transparency in their business and this will enable them to succeed in their long term business endeavors [16] 4. Looking at the scenario presented before me, it is clearly evident that ABC is the leading producer of landline phone in Europe with a market share of about 40%. ABC used to enjoy a monopoly in the market in their heydays but this has considerably reduced now. In order to maintain their share in the market, ABC has been forced to diversify their business apart from manufacturing the office communication devices like phones, scanning and copying machines. There are quite a few operators which have entered the market but none is able to replicate the success and popularity which is enjoyed by ABC. The nearest rival of ABC enjoys a market share of 25%. In case of printing and scanning machines ABC enjoys a market share of 50%. According to me, ABC is in a good position to implement their first sales policy wherein the company will offer a discount of 10% on each and every telephone or scanning or copying machines which are being bought from them by their customers in the market[17] T his would not in any way affect their compliance with the EU Competition Laws as providing discounts to the customers is considered to be legal and business establishments operating in Europe are allowed to offer discounts to their customers. I strongly feel that ABC is in a good position to capitalise on their existing market share and allowing an additional 10% discount on their products and services would enable the company to attract more customers from the market. The fact that they are way ahead of their business rivals in terms of the market share, the organisation could reduce the market prices of their products in order to popularise and promote their products among a larger customer segment in the market.[18] This will enable the organisation to further increase their customer base in the market and thus they will be able to generate more revenues and profits from their business operations in the market. Thus, by offering 10% discounts on their products and services, ABC w ill be able to further strengthen their market share by gaining a competitive advantage over their business rivals In case of the second sales strategy where ABC intends to sell their products at below production cost, I would say that it is quite a risky proposition for the organisation. There is a lot of confusion among ABC regarding how long they will be able to continue selling their products below the production cost. If ABC intends to sell their products at the same price level which is being offered by DEF, then they are allowed to do so under the EU competition laws.[19] Under the EU Competition Laws, business establishments are not allowed to incorporate unfair trading practices that might interfere or threaten the business interests of their rivals. By selling their products at below production cost, the company is compromising their own business in order to avoid losing customers to DEF. However, if ABC goes ahead with their plans to sell their products at below productio n cost, then the company needs to first calculate how long they will be able to sustain the losses in the market.[20] This policy could not be continued indefinitely as it will force the company towards bankruptcy. The company needs to fix a specific time period for which this strategy will be implemented and they should try to attract maximum customers from the market within that time period. This is the only way ahead for the company, if they decide to implement the second sales strategy In case of the third sales policy of ABC where the company wants to set a high amount of royalty rate on their patent which will force their competitors to opt out of a license agreement, I would say it is a well thought out strategy which will help in ensuring competitive advantage to ABC. The fact that ABC owns the patents on their technology which are being utilised in their scanning and copying machines, they have the right to set any amount of royalty which they find appropriate. By setting a high royalty rate for the licensing of their technology will not in any way affect or compromise their compliance with the EU Competition Laws as the technology is developed and owned by them. The fact that the technology has been developed by them and that they own the patents to that technology, the other companies have to pay the same price that has been demanded by ABC if they want to utilise the same technology in their products and services[21] In this case, ABC is setting this high r oyalty rate because it does not want the other companies to utilise their technology which is absolutely fine as this is an ethical policy which could not be challenged in a court of law Reference Ball, Donald, Michael Geringer, Michael Minor, and Jeanne McNett. International business. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2012. Berryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Stlzle, Thomas R., Robert E. Hoyt, and Sabine Wende. "Capital market development, competition, property rights, and the value of insurer productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ line diversification: A crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ country analysis." Journal of Risk and Insurance 80, no. 2 (2013): 423-459. Bottazzi, Giulio, Giovanni Dosi, Nadia Jacoby, Angelo Secchi, and Federico Tamagni. "Corporate performances and market selection: some comparative evidence." Industrial and Corporate Change (2010): dtq063. Burt, R. S. (2009). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Harvard university press. Chan, Hing Kai, and Felix TS Chan. "Comparative study of adaptability and flexibility in distributed manufacturing supply chains." Decision Support Systems 48, no. 2 (2010): 331-341. Choong, Chee-Keong, Ahmad Zubaidi Baharumshah, Zulkornain Yusop, and Muzafar Shah Habibullah. "Private capital flows, stock market and economic growth in developed and developing countries: A comparative analysis." Japan and the World Economy 22, no. 2 (2010): 107-117. Coyle, John F. "Business Courts and Interstate Competition." William Mary Law Review 53 (2012): 1915. Damanpour, Fariborz. "An integration of research findings of effects of firm size and market competition on product and process innovations." British Journal of Management 21, no. 4 (2010): 996-1010. David, H., David Dorn, and Gordon H. Hanson. "The China syndrome: Local labor market effects of import competition in the United States." The American Economic Review 103, no. 6 (2013): 2121-2168. Fernndezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Kranz, Daniel, and Juan Santal. "When necessity becomes a virtue: The effect of product market competition on corporate social responsibility." Journal of Economics Management Strategy 19, no. 2 (2010): 453-487. Gal, Michal S. Competition policy for small market economies. Harvard University Press, 2009. Gershon, Richard A. The transnational media corporation: Global messages and free market competition. Routledge, 2013. Hartley, Jean, Eva Srensen, and Jacob Torfing. "Collaborative innovation: A viable alternative to market competition and organizational entrepreneurship." Public Administration Review 73, no. 6 (2013): 821-830. Hasan, Maher Mohamad, and Jemma Dridi. "The effects of the global crisis on Islamic and conventional banks: A comparative study." IMF Working Papers (2010): 1-46. i Queralt, Germ Bel, and Xavier Fageda. "Factors explaining charges in European airports: Competition, market size, private ownership and regulation." Documentos de trabajo (FEDEA) 31 (2009): 1-26. Kumar, Vikas, Eli Jones, Rajkumar Venkatesan, and Robert P. Leone. "Is market orientation a source of sustainable competitive advantage or simply the cost of competing?." Journal of marketing 75, no. 1 (2011): 16-30. Leung, Hildie, and Wing-Tung Au. "Chinese cooperation and competition." (2010). Louzis, Dimitrios P., Angelos T. Vouldis, and Vasilios L. Metaxas. "Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: A comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios." Journal of Banking Finance 36, no. 4 (2012): 1012-1027. Mayer, Thierry, Marc J. Melitz, and Gianmarco IP Ottaviano. "Market size, competition, and the product mix of exporters." The American Economic Review 104, no. 2 (2014): 495-536. Patiar, Anoop, and Lokman Mia. "Transformational leadership style, market competition and departmental performance: Evidence from luxury hotels in Australia." International Journal of Hospitality Management 28, no. 2 (2009): 254-262. Ucbasaran, Deniz, Paul Westhead, Mike Wright, and Manuel Flores. "The nature of entrepreneurial experience, business failure and comparative optimism." Journal of Business Venturing 25, no. 6 (2010): 541-555. Wilks, Stephen. "Competition policy." (2010).

Philosophy Management

Question: Write an essay on Philosophy? Answer: Introduction: For this report, the chosen type is traditional position paper. A position paper should be very well written. The type of traditional position paper contains logical argument about the chosen topic. However, for this purpose, the chosen topic is the concept of Aristotle and Aquinas' version of the God. This is related to the cosmological argument of the existence of God. The argument for the existence of God refers to the aspect of the cosmological argument. Concept of Aristotle: As discussed by (de Castro, Eduardo Viveiros), Aristotle always has tried to explain the existence of God on the earth. He has argued for the existence of the earth also. Aristotle has ruled out an infinite progression of causes. Therefore, there should be a first cause for this occurrence. This argument of eminent Greek philosopher Aristotle has given the support to the modern theory and science of the universe. This argument has led to the concept of BigBang theory of the birth of the earth as well as the existence of the people on this earth. On the Heavens' is considered as one of the most influential concepts of cosmology within the history of humanity of all ages. Aristotle has discussed the universal nature of the cosmos. He has also discussed some properties of individual bodies. Aristotle has argued that all bodies are made up of four elements; those are earth, water, fire and air. Arguments of Thomas Aquinas: As discussed by (Craig, William Lane, and James Porter Moreland), Thomas Aquinas has offered similar arguments while using concepts of first mover, the sustainer, first cause, source of harmony and cause of excellence. This philosopher has five proofs regarding the existence of God. The fist argument of this person is included within the aspect of observation. According to this philosopher, the basic idea of everything has a major cause. His First way' has several arguments, as several things change. On the other hand, Aquinas has separate arguments regarding the changes. The cosmological argument of this priest is based on the existence of universe and cosmos. Every existence of cosmos has the single cause. However, the cause refers to the infinite God. This ancient priest of Italy has made his arguments on the existence of human being on this earth. On the other hand (Cross, Philip Irwin) stated that the experiential basis of the cosmological argument is considered as the perception of the prior existence of the Universe. Every human being can perceive the experiment through the senses. This ancient priest has made its principle concepts upon the aspect of God and his power. According to this theorist, the God has created everything. God is the ultimate Creator of every human being as well as every living and non-living things on this earth. Argument of legendary Stephen Hawkins: However, Stephen Hawkins has made his contribution to the aspect of this particular cosmic argument on Earth and God. His book A Brief History of Time' has provided some cosmic argument about the existence of God and planet earth. This book is an important example of a cosmological argument of Stephen Hawkins (Blair, Matthew). In his quantum cosmology, Stephen Hawkins has argued that there is no place for a creator or God. This path-breaking scientists also argues that God does not exist in the physical or other world. According to the law of wave function, there is no any place for creator or god. Therefore, the concept of classical theism has become false in respect to the new concept of Stephen Hawkins (Loikkanen, Juuso). Argument from Contingency: Philosopher Samuel Clarke has set the second version of the argument of cosmology. This argument has been considered as a superior version of this cosmological argument. This argument can be called as the argument from contingency. Several philosophers within this field have considered the argument from contingency as superior thinking of cosmology. This argument has considered that human being should be necessary or contingent within this earth. There is a concept of self-existence also. This argument not only states about the God but also states about the existence of human being within the living earth (Romero, Gustavo E., and Daniela Prez). Conclusion: There are several arguments and counter arguments regarding the existence of God. The cosmological argument refers to the argument about God and the existence of the human being within this earth. Several theorists and philosophers have made their argument on the existence of earth, God and human being within the living earth. Several arguments have made clear conceptual framework upon this topic. Reference list: Blair, Matthew.Points and Spheres: Cosmological Innovation in Dante's Divine Comedy. Diss. 2015. Craig, William Lane, and James Porter Moreland.The Blackwell companion to natural theology. Vol. 49. John Wiley Sons, 2012. Cross, Philip Irwin.First causes and sufficient reasons: A defense of the cosmological argument. California State University, Long Beach, 2014 de Castro, Eduardo Viveiros. "Cosmological perspectivism in Amazonia and elsewhere."HAU: Masterclass Series1 (2012): 45-168. Loikkanen, Juuso. "ON THE ESSENCE OF THE UNCAUSED CAUSE MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF THE COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT."European Journal of Science and Theology11.3 (2015): 61-69. Romero, Gustavo E., and Daniela Prez. "New remarks on the Cosmological Argument."International Journal for Philosophy of Religion72.2 (2012): 103-113.

Religion Essays (1233 words) - Philosophy, Political Philosophy

Religion And Politics The influence of religion on humankind can be traced back to the first records of history. Religion has served as a pillar of strength to some and binding chains to others. There are vast amounts of information and anthropological studies revealing the interaction of religion and humankind. However, for the purposes of this paper, the time periods of study will be broken up into three sections. Each section will give a general description of how religion affected the institution of the state and its Sovereignty in a Euro-centric perspective. The first period is the early period, which will encompass from Christianity and the Roman Empire to the Medieval times (approx. 311 to 1100 A.D.). The second period will include the Renaissance, the Reformation to the Treaty of Westphalia (1101 to 1648 A.D.). The third and increment of history will range from 1649 to 1945 A.D. The date 311 A.D. marks the issuing of the "Edict of Toleration" for Christians. This date is important because it symbolizes "national" acceptance of Christianity, and planted its roots as a political institution. Later the Roman Empire on the verge of internal collapse acknowledged the importance of Christianity and used it to hold together the remnants of it former self. This adoption of Christianity took form and eventually became the Catholic church. The church became intermingled with politics and became a strong entity. The policies delivered from the church had more authority than the local rulers and magistrates of the developing feudal system. For example, St. Augustine wrote about war and what justified its enactment against fellow men. This policy was followed and adhered to for hundreds of years after St. Augustine wrote it. Another example, is the use of the Bible as a guideline for establishing governing systems. Scripture portrayed God as choosing the king of the people. The pope, being God's "representative" was then given the authority to crown the king. This crowning process gave the pope large influence in the political arena. This ritual continued for a number of centuries. The Crusades, which occurred around 1100 A.D., played a crucial role in challenging the church's authority. The pope identifying the spread of Islam as evil requested all of Europe embark on a "Crusade" to defeat the infidels. As the battles were fought, great treasures were found in the form of books and knowledge. These books were crude translations of old Greek texts, containing information which would eventually produce the waning of Church authority in the future. The Renaissance marked the beginning of intellectual re-birth. Writers such as Dante, Machiavelli, Guiarccidini, Vitoria, etc., all attempting to reform and some even contest church dominance. Dante in his imaginative work "Inferno" writes of hell which he envision is the pope's final destination. Machiavelli takes a more direct role classifying the actions of a prince to be above morality and ultimately above the Church. He continues the affront by classifying a human character of "virtu" as being completely centered around man (humanism). The Raison D' Tat is supreme especially in terms of the church belligerence. In the middle of the Renaissance, the Church was dealt a deadly blow from which it would never recover. This assault came via Martin Luther. His work, "95 Thesis", marked the beginning of the Reformation. This movement split the church into Catholic and Protestant sects. It marked the beginning of a bloody period which virtually split Europe in half. Examples of the conflict raged between Protestants and Catholics from the great slaughter of Protestants in Paris 1572 A.D. (7000 dead) to the Thirty Years War. With the Church in disarray, freedom was given to the "state" to begin to develop. During this period of Renaissance the political identity was going through a tremendous transformation. This transformation took form in what is called Absolutism. "Princes" began to tolerate less and less manipulation from the church. The political entity in the form of monarchy began to wean itself from the Church for its legitimacy and looked toward its own power. Other writers began to rise and discuss issues of sovereignty and the state. Thomas Hobbes discusses the state and refers to it as "Leviathan" which is the concurring title of his work. Believing man to be evil, Hobbes fashions his description of the state as the mechanism to control and harness the capabilities of man. There can be no peace as long as there is not absolute surrender to reason. The state's interest is supreme, as well as, its authority. These ideas were written in direct opposition to the church and its history. Hobbes desired

The Economic Explanation for Americas Depression

The Economic Explanation for Americas Depression Free Online Research Papers In present day America, 25% of the entire population has been diagnosed with and is undergoing treatment for some type of depression [â€Å"One out of Four Diagnosed† www.minefully.org]. Because it is such a common occurrence, the American people have seemingly accepted depression, whether minor or major, as a social norm. What the general public has failed to recognize is that most U.S. Pharmaceutical companies promote their products for the sole financial benefit of their company versus the diagnosed individual. The relatively recent occurrence and contemporary rise in the amount of people diagnosed with depression is far too coincidental with that of Pharmaceutical stocks and their net worth, currently booming the billions. Reviewed and analyzed in this essay are the glitches in the system and tips on how not to fall into the traps of the modern day medical industry. Depression is generally single-handedly diagnosed by either a physician, who medically treats depression, or a psychiatrist, a specialist in human emotion. The saying â€Å"Never go to a Doctor whose office plants have died† [Greenberg 36] relays a strong message of the importance of professional looking practices. Anytime you walk into a doctor’s office, you are bound to be surrounded by advertisements, pamphlets, and even free samples for various prescription drugs; it is almost like shopping in a â€Å"Sam’s Club†! All of those things have a purpose for being there, and that purpose is to influence people to use medication to solve their health problems. Behind the array of display cards and informational packets lies one thing: pharmaceutical companies and their interest in the American people’s money. Members of our society are exceedingly consumed with appearance and embody a materialized sense of perfection that blinds them from seeing the mo tivations behind corporate actions. All medical examiners, from psychotherapists to pediatricians, benefit from advertising for Pharmaceutical companies, and vice versa. In California’s Official Health Care Report, the quality of statewide health care appeared to vary greatly by general popularity [â€Å"CA Quality Health Care Report† www.opa.ca.gov]. Much like adolescents select brand named clothing over generics, the most sponsored and commercialized health care facilities happened to lead the charts when it came to the number of patients, but not necessarily in their recovery rates [â€Å"CA Quality Health Care Report 2003-2005† www.opa.ca.gov]. Pharmaceutical companies unfairly benefit the â€Å"name brand† consumer over the â€Å"generic† consumer by offering larger discounts with higher premiums and by callously denying sometimes vital medications to those who simply cannot afford them. Two of our nation’s principal misers, doctors and pharmaceutical companies monopolize the market, essentially scheming our people without a hint of remorse. Not only are the individuals behind the diagnosis often corrupt, but so are the tests in which they gather their information. In the diagnosis there are no blood or urine samples taken, only personal information gathered and questioners answered. Originally used to diagnose depression, the HAM-D (Hamilton Department Rating Scale) was a biased test that produced flawed results and in turn many incorrect diagnoses’. For those reasons it was revised by medical experts; the result of those revisions was the popular and extensively accredited SCID (Structured Clinical Interview). Although it is presently the most commonly used form of diagnosis, it only increased diagnosis accuracy (patient success rates) by about 20% overall [â€Å"CA Quality Health Care Report† www.opa.gov]. Perhaps the reason the success rates haven’t notably inclined is because the tests genuinely have no guarantee of any accurate result. Asking indirect questions and taking natural emotional occu rrences to extremes, the tests seem more of a persuasion tactic than a supposed step toward recovery. Basing the test on the assumption of the individual, it asks similar questions in a repetitive fashion, focusing on casual neurovegative signs like sleep and appetite. Declared a hoax by psychotherapist and freelance writer Dr. Gary Greenburg, he commented that â€Å"Whatever my score on the SCID, it was hard to believe that (Dr.) Papakostas really thought I had Major Depression† [Greenburg 37]; involved in a study, Greenburg himself was mistakenly diagnosed with depression. On a test where the symptoms are all to casual, uncertainly is not an option; all questions require either a direct yes or no answer bubbled onto the answer sheet. Due to the lack of dedication to and interest in creating fair and legitimate tests, it could be said that government funded research has fizzled down to the sloppy and unsure collection of raw data that our doctors need to keep their sponsors happy. Shooting at a specific target with no set aim, one must question the legitimacy of a test issuing 2 of 17 points to a patient for merely denying they are ill at all. Last but not least is the issue of personal reaction to both prescription anti-depressants and their treatment plans. Anti-depressant medications are essentially chemicals that enter the body directly, altering its chemical makeup and supposedly achieving a desired balance. Ironically enough, a major argument by both Pharmaceuticals and doctors alike in the defense of prescription drugs is one that questions patient hope for and dedication to their recovery. If prescriptions were chemical solutions to chemical problems, then such factors would be irrelevant when it came to patient recovery. This concretely defends the psychological factor in depression treatment, also known as the Placebo Effect. In the same study involving Mr. Greenburg, it was found that in over half the trails used to approve the leading anti-depressant meds, the drugs failed to outperform their placebos. Even more shocking, the minimal advantage of the successful prescriptions over the placebos was an average of two points on the HAM-D scale [Greenburg 40]; this two point difference could be altered to the placebo’s benefit by a heartier meal or deeper sleep. In conclusion, the groundbreaking claim that 80% of prescription drug effects are actually placebo effects [Kirsch 40] isn’t so hard to believe after all. Furthermore, the American people have been brainwashed by the United States’ medical industry as a whole, and one must question what it will take to reverse that. In the last 40 years alone, there have been 100 new afflictions added to the lists diagnosing depression, and the number will only continue to grow; we cannot let the belief that any amount of happiness is enough work its way into our consumer economy. One day, people will come to embrace this phrase voiced by Norman Cousins: â€Å"The human body experiences a gravitational pull in the direction of hope. That is why patients` hopes are the physician’s secret weapon. They are the hidden ingredients in any prescriptions†. When we come to recognize the economics behind depression and embrace the power of the human mind, our people will discover the innate solution to man’s most agonizing illness. Research Papers on The Economic Explanation for America's DepressionMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneGenetic Engineering

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Quotations

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Quotations Johann Wolfgang von Goethe  (1749–1832) was a prolific German poet and writer. Within his body of work are many quotes (zitate, in German) that are now famous bits of wisdom passed down through the generations. A number of these have also influenced other popular musings and sage advice. Among Goethes best-known lines are those below. Many come from published books of the poets work while a few are from personal correspondence. Here, we will explore them in both their original German as well as the English translations. One of the Best-Known Goethe Quotes Man sieht nur das, was man weiß. English Translation:  You only see what you know. Goethe From"Die Wahlverwandtschaften" Die Wahlverwandtschaften (Elective Affinities) was Goethes third novel published in 1809. Glà ¼cklicherweise kann der Mensch nur einen gewissen Grad des Unglà ¼cks fassen; was darà ¼ber hinausgeht, vernichtet ihn oder lßt ihn gleichgà ¼ltig. English Translation: Fortunately, people can comprehend only a certain degree of misfortune; anything beyond that either destroys them or leaves them indifferent. Goethe From "Maximen und Reflexionen" Maximen und Reflexionen (Maxims and Reflections) is a collection of Goethes writings published posthumously in 1833. Der Alte verliert eines der grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸ten Menschenrechte: er wird nicht mehr von seines Gleichen beurteilt. English Translation: An old man loses one of the most important rights of man: he is no longer judged by his peers. Es ist nichts schrecklicher als eine ttige Unwissenheit. English Translation: Theres nothing worse than ignorance in action. Goethe to Eckermann, 1830 Goethe and fellow poet Johann Peter Eckermann regularly corresponded with one another. This comes from a 1830 letter to Eckermann. Napoleon gibt uns ein Beispiel, wie gefhrlich es sei, sich ins Absolute zu erheben und alles der Ausfà ¼hrung einer Idee zu opfern. English Translation: Napoleon provides us an example of how dangerous it is to be elevated to the absolute and to sacrifice everything to implement an idea. Goethe From "Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre" Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre (Wilhelm Meisters Journeyman Years) is the third in a series of books written by Goethe. It was first published in 1821, then revised and republished in 1829. Unter allem Diebesgesindel sind die Narren die schlimmsten. Sie rauben euch beides, Zeit und Stimmung. English Translation: Of all the thieving riff-raff, fools are the worst. They steal both your time and your good mood. Das Leben gehà ¶rt den Lebenden an, und wer lebt, muss auf Wechsel gefasst sein. English Translation: Life belongs to the living, and those who live must be prepared for change. Es gibt keine patriotische Kunst und keine patriotische Wissenschaft. Beide gehà ¶ren, wie alles hohe Gute, der ganzen Welt an... English Translation: There is no patriotic art and no patriotic science. Both belong, like all high good, to the whole world... Goethe From"Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre" Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship) is the second volume in Goethes famous series, published in 1795. Alles, was uns begegnet, lßt Spuren zurà ¼ck. Alles trgt unmerklich zu unserer Bildung bei. English Translation: Everything we encounter leaves traces behind. Everything contributes imperceptibly to our education. Die beste Bildung findet ein gescheiter Mensch auf Reisen. English Translation: The best education for a clever person is found in travel. Goethe From "Sprichwà ¶rtlich" The following are small excerpts from Goethes poem Sprichwà ¶rtlich (Proverbial). Zwischen heut und morgenliegt eine lange Frist.Lerne schnell besorgen,Da du noch munter bist. English Translation: Between today and tomorrowlies a long time.Learn quickly to take care of thingswhile youre still fit. Tu nur das Rechte in deinen Sachen;Das andre wird sich von selber machen. English Translation: Just do the right thing in your affairs;The rest will take care of itself. Goethe From "Reineke Fuchs" Reineke Fuchs is a 12-song epic written by Goethe in 1793. Besser laufen, als faulen. English Translation: Better to run than to rot. Goethe From "Hermann und Dorothea" Hermann and Dorothea is one of Goethes epic poems published in 1796. Wer nicht vorwrts geht, der kommt zurà ¼cke. English Translation: If youre not going forward, youre going backward. Goethe From "Faust I (Vorspiel auf dem Theater)" Faust I is a collection of Goethes work and when combined with Faust II, the two span 60 years of the poets artistic writings. Vorspiel auf dem Theater (Prelude on the Theater) is one poem examining the conflicts of drama and theater. Was glnzt, ist fà ¼r den Augenblick geboren,Das Echte bleibt der Nachwelt unverloren. English Translation: That which glitters is born for the moment;The genuine remains intact for future days.

The Financial Performance of Seward Inc Assignment - 18

The Financial Performance of Seward Inc - Assignment Example The Liquidity ratio of the company is below the Industry ratio, which means that the company is less liquid i.e. the company must raise the liquidity in order to gain the trust of the creditors. The liquidity ratio shows the capability of a company to pay off its current liabilities. The company is lacking in the days in receivables and days in inventory compared to the Industry ratios. The company must be reduced in order to generate more efficiency in the processes. The Operating profit margin is less than the Industry margin this explains that the company is doing a good job. However, it is generating a low return on its assets as it could be due to the large value of assets employed as compared to the industry. The company is relying on debt financing and the ratio of debt is higher than that of the industry (36%). The company must introduce Equity Financing. The equity is well organized by the managers and the returns generated are higher than the Industry average.  Ã‚  

Bible New Testament Summaries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bible New Testament Summaries - Assignment Example He fasts in the desert for 40 nights and forty days during which the devil tempts him in vain. He then chooses his 12 disciples and starts his ministry, which he delivers using parables. He engages in controversies at the temple and concerning the Sabbath law that leaves people questioning on whether he is the one they have been waiting for. Jesus is arrested tried by the Jewish authorities, and condemned to death by Pilate. He is crucified where he dies and is buried. On Easter, he resurrects and meets several people. The major personalities in the book include Jesus, Joseph, Mary, John, and King Herod (New Jerusalem Bible, Mathew). The book is largely narrative whose theme are Jesus commissioning the disciples, coming of the Holy Spirit, Paul’s conversion, Jerusalem conference, and Paul in Rome. After Jesus ascension, the Holy Spirit descended on the disciples at Pentecost. They speak in many languages and people think them drunk. Peter heals a lame man at the temple’s gate but is arrested afterwards for proclaiming salvation in Jesus Christ. Due to continued opposition, Stephen is stoned to death. The gospel regains its glory when Philip bears witness in Samaria to the North and to an Ethiopian heading south. Paul’s encounters with the church and Peter’s vision enhance the beginning of the ministry to the Gentiles. Paul continues with his mission from Antioch to Cyprus and parts of Asia. A conference held at Jerusalem where concluded that Gentile converts to Christianity do not have to undergo circumcision. Upon return to Jerusalem Paul is arrested and imprisoned at Caesarea. The m ajor personalities in this book are Peter and Paul (New Jerusalem Bible, Acts). The book is largely epistle and its themes include Power of the Gospel, Justification by faith, Future hope, and Shape of Christian life. In his letter to the romans, Paul tries to explain that the gospel is the power of God for salvation of both Gentiles and Jews. He further explains

The Franciscan Order; A Victim of its own Success Essay -- essays rese

The Franciscan movement was a religious order that arose out of one man’s ideologies and beliefs. St. Francis of Assisi’s ideals of absolute poverty, obedience, humility, and simplicity were uncomplicated and basic, but during his life and even shortly after his death these ideologies were gradually shifting and causing a great amount of debate. The immense size of the Franciscan Order combined with the mass amount of popularity that the Order gained made changes in the ideology and objectives of Francis’ messages and teaching almost an inevitable necessity. Some could argue that in many ways the Franciscan Order’s original ideologies were a victim of the movement’s success. This is evident in the main rules of the Order, what the rules were initially like during the life of Francis, and what they became after his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Saint Francis of Assisi was born in 1182 into a wealth family. His father was Peter Bernardone, a wealthy cloth merchant. Throughout Francis’ childhood he experienced many of the physical pleasures in life; however, gradually he began to have visions from the divine. The first vision appeared when he was fighting with knights against Assisi’s enemies, the second during a night of merriment and celebration, and a third when he was praying at the ruined Church of San Damiano. During the latter vision, Francis heard a voice coming from the crucifix telling him to rebuild the Church. Francis sold many of his father’s assets and gave the money to San Damiano, but his father was unimpressed. Francis publicly denounced his father, striping naked and throwing his clothes at his father, saying that his only father from that point on was the divine. For a time Francis wandered unsure of what to do, until he had his fourth divine vision on February 28, 1206. He realized that his true mission in life was the imitation of the life of Christ. Francis took to begging, and wandering from town to town, caring for those less fortunate than himself, and taking only what was necessary for his survival. After a time, Francis accumulated a small number of followers and soon realized that some rules would have to be formulated to govern his order. On April 6th 1209 the order began when Francis said, â€Å"He that will come after me, let him deny himself†¦This, my brothers, is our life and rule and that of all those who shall wish to join... ... and also made the Order increasingly difficult to govern. This difficulty in governance often forced the Order to turn to the Pope for guidance, thus creating a dangerous reliance on the Pope and making the order submissive to a potentially oppressive and dogmatic power. Likewise, the popularity of the movement contributed to its size. The more popular the Order was the more people joined it. The popularity also contributed to the relaxing of the standards of poverty, humility and simplicity. Money and gifts were given to the Order, jobs with a degree of power and prestige were offered to members of the Order by the Pope, and many other circumstances. The Order itself had become a worldly institution rather than a wandering group of poor friars as Francis had intended. With such undermining of the original ideals and objectives of St. Francis, a split in the Order seems almost inevitable. Final Word Count: 2971  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sources/ Works Cited Burr, D. Olivi and Franciscan Poverty: The Usus Pauper Controversy. Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. Moorman, J. A History of the Franciscan Order. UK; Oxford University Press, 1968.